Josephine Mokwunyei  presented research findings of the three chief characteristics of African music that differentiate it from any other type of music: rhythm and metric complexity, the use of improvisation and its form.  She questioned how far these can and have already been integrated in school music programmes.  Although some recommendations have already been made and some experiment on the tertiary level, the music curriculum in most of Africa is still being debated to include and reflect adequate local content in order to enhance and ensure relevance and validity of formal music education on the continent. 

Liane Hentschke's research project focused on teaching and learning music – especially on the different effects formal, informal and non-formal music education has. She spoke about the mostly negative outcome of music education in Brazilian schools, due to a lack of competence and resources in the schools and the traditional orientation of music education which does not meet the expectations and interests of the pupils. Another aspect mentioned was, that even though music is seen as a catalyst of social mobilisation and therefore very attractive to the youth, non- formal and informal music education are much more popular. This is influenced by the better equipment provided, the teacher's knowledge and a more innovative way of including the student's interests. Liane Hentschke gave the conclusion that it is neccessary to improve Brazil's music education in schools to increase the value of music in society and the students studying music at the same time.